Chapter 26 brave new world communism on trial outline

Common ownership of property is one of the most important characteristics of communism. Plato in The Republic described it as a state where people shared all their property, wives, and children.

This is an exaggeration, but millions of people did share their land in communist China. In the process of agricultural collectivization, individual peasant farms were replaced with collective ones. By , in the Chinese economy as a whole, the basic transfer of the means of production from private hands into state or collective property had been accomplished.

According to communist theory, the only way to abolish capitalist injustices is to have the proletariat class, who collectively constitute the main producer of wealth in society and who are constantly exploited by the elitist bourgeois, overthrow the capitalist system in a massive social revolution.

The revolution usually involves an armed rebellion. Once the bourgeoisie are overthrown, a dictator usually takes the place of the old government and establishes laws that favor the lower classes. Mao Zedong is a prime example of a communist dictator. Both Mustapha Mond and Mao Zedong believed in the prioritization of society over the individual and the equal distribution of property.

Huxley satirizes communism in his novel by using humorous exaggerations. The communists, much like the World Controllers in Brave New World, believe that almost all forms of property should be shared.

The results of this idea in China turned out to be disastrous. The treatment of these peasants was brutal. They were forced to work naked in the middle of winter; 80 per cent of all the villagers in one region of a quarter of a million Chinese were banned from the workforce because they were too old or ill to be effective workers, so were deliberately starved to death. Between and , a war raged between the peasants and the state; it was a period when a third of all homes in China were destroyed to produce fertilizer and when the nation descended into famine and starvation Lin, Matters were made worse by floods and droughts in and Everyone is encouraged to have multiple lovers at the same time; those who refuse to practice promiscuity are deemed disturbed or strange.

Not only are people treated as sexual objects, but they are seen as a faceless workforce whose sole purpose is to manufacture goods for the purpose of mass consumption, which leads to economic progress. Mustapha Mond was able to engender a holistic, materialistic generation by using conditioning and sleep-teaching. This introduces the topic of manipulation. Both Mao Zedong and the World Controllers were able to brainwash an entire generation by manipulating the youth of society.

Mao used mass media to spread his revolutionary ideas; controlling media content allowed the Communist Party to disseminate propaganda supportive of government policies, censor controversial news stories, and have reports published criticizing political adversaries, including advocates of religious freedom and democracy and representatives of the US government Rostow, These diplomats from the Chinese embassy would walk in single file, in Mao-style uniforms, each of them reading the Little Red Book Brown, Since Mustapha is a World Controller, it makes sense that he personally embodies one of the key instruments of control: his voice.

Voices tend to be brainwashing, controlling forces in Brave New World, starting with the soothing auditory hypnopaedia of youth to the synthetic music boxes to the disembodied voices that are used to subdue riots. Chapter 4- The Civilization of the Greeks What was the polis, or city-state concept? How is this different from an empire? What effect did the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars have on Greek speaking people? How was Alexander the Great able to amass his empire and what was his legacy?

What role has Greek philosophy played in the world we live in today? Chapter 5- The World of the Romans What policies and institutions help explain the success and longevity of the Romans? What brought about the decline of the Republic and rise of the Empire? What were the key features of Roman civilization at both its height and decline?

What were the beliefs of Christianity and what enabled it to grow over time? Chapter 7- Islam and Byzantium What are the main beliefs of Islam and how does it compare with other monotheistic faiths? Why did the Arabs undergo rapid expansion in the 7 th and 8 th centuries? What were the main characteristics of Islamic society and culture? How did the Byzantine Empire rise to greatness? How was it different than its Roman counterpart?

Chapter 8- Early African Civilizations What are some of the characteristics of African sculpture, carvings, music, art, and other creative expressions and what purpose did they serve in African societies? What was the difference between the city-states, stateless societies, and kingdoms of Africa? What role did cultural diffusion have on the continent of Africa?

How did both India and China influence their neighbors? How were the Mongols able to amass and control such a large empire? Chapter The East Asian Rimlands: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam What decentralizing forces were at work within Japan before and how did they influence the development of political structures? How did cultural diffusion affect Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese society?

What were the main economic and social characteristics of East Asian peoples? What were the major intellectual and cultural achievements of European civilization? Why was the period between and thought of as an age of crisis in Europe? What was absolutism and what were the main characteristics of absolute monarchies? Chapter New Encounters: Creation of a World Market Why did Europeans begin to embark on voyages of discovery and expansion in the late s?

How did Spain and Portugal amass such large overseas empires? How did Africa become a target for European expansion and what were some of the consequences? How did the slave trade impact African civilization and the world? How were the Muslim empires similar and different? To what extent did each empire have contact with Europeans and what was the impact? What were key characteristics of the rise and decline of these empires? What was the response of the Chinese and Japanese to Europeans and their culture?

How did the unification of Japan occur? How did Japanese culture change during the Tokugawa era? How did China change during the Ming and Qing eras? How did European economics and society change during this period?

Chapter The Beginnings of Modernization, Industrialization, and Nationalism How did the industrial revolution affect urban life, families, social class, and standards of living?

What brought about the unification of Italy and Germany? Chapter The High Tide of Imperialism What types of administrative systems did the various colonial powers establish? What were the primary causes of imperialist ambition in the s? What type of economic relationship typically developed between Europeans and their colonies? How did subject peoples respond to imperialism? What were the consequences of imperialism for both the colonial power and its subjects?

Chapter Shadows of the Pacific: East Asia What factors led to the failure of the Qing Dynasty and what role did Western powers play in the process? How did the course of the war differ from what so many of the advocates of war expected? How did the war affect the political, social, and economic institutions of each nation involved?

What were the causes of the Russian Revolution in and why did the Bolsheviks prevail? What crisis did Europe, the Americas, and the world ultimately feel in the wake of the war? How did Turkey, Iran, and Japan seek to modernize and continue avoiding European influence? What was the nature of the German and Japanese expansion in the territories they occupied?

What were conditions like on the home fronts of the nations that were involved? How were the causes and effects of the First and Second World Wars similar and yet different? What contributed the success of Mao Zedong and the Communists in China?

What were major events and characteristics of the Cold War between and ? How did Eastern Europe feel the impact of change between and ? How has China changed since the death of Mao in ? How has Marxist ideology played into the problems faced by Latin American nations since ?

What is the legacy of colonialism and imperialism in Africa and the Middle East? What problems has India faced since the success of the independence movement? How did the Allied occupation of Japan change the political and economic institutions? The Contemporary World-Current Events What events, ideas, innovations, or people are shaping or reshaping our world today?

If your homework is not in class at the time you arrive it is late. Late assignments lose half credit.

Late assignments will not be accepted more than three days late. Work cannot be made up at the end of the marking period.

If you are absent, you have three days to complete assignments, tests, and quizzes before they begin losing credit. Tests are given following the completion of a unit. Q04 Chernobyl was the Russian word for "openness. Unlock to view answer. Q05 The Great Leap Forward resulted in the deaths of perhaps fifteen million people because of starvation.

Q06 China's Four Modernizations included industry, technology, national defense, and democracy. Q07 As recognition that Marxism-Leninism is losing its appeal in Communist China, Confucianism has regained official approval in recent years.

Q09 The Russian concept of law and order poryadok was enshrined in the Soviet constitution. Q10 Socialist Realism was an artistic movement that allowed criticism of problems within the Soviet system in the "cultural thaw" of Khrushchev.

Q12 Characteristic of Stalin's domestic policies after World War 2 was. Q13 Joseph Stalin.